Kim Mooney, Author at FlexTrades

Ten years ago, in 2012, the Fabricators and Manufacturers’ Association (FMA) founded Manufacturing Day (MFG Day). MFG Day is a national movement to show the public (students, parents, and all others) just what modern manufacturing is all about, because as they say, “It’s not your father’s machine shop anymore”. MFG Day is always the first Friday in October. This year we are celebrating all things manufacturing on October 7th, 2022. In addition to MFG Day, many states and manufacturing associations (including the International Trade Administration) consider the first week in October National Manufacturing Week or the entire month of October Manufacturing Month. But it doesn’t stop there for FlexTrades. We celebrate manufacturing all year long and hope you will too. Below are ways in which you can do so!

Open your manufacturing doors to the public. You can find tips and tricks to do here.
If you’re an employee, encourage your employer to open their doors!
Partake in trade shows as a visitor or manufacturer. Here’s a list of 2022/2023 tradeshows to get you started!
Visit or participate in a tour (or two) of manufacturing facilities. Find events to attend or ways to host an event at mfgday.com
Know the industrial revolutions to see how manufacturing has changed and why it’s so great!
Talk to the kids you know and tell them what it’s like, share your knowledge of manufacturing and discuss the vast opportunities within a manufacturing career. Show them some of these great How It’s Made videos so they get time on their electronics and they’re learning!
Share positive messages about manufacturing to your social media accounts.
Follow and reshare positive messages from manufacturers and those in manufacturing on your social media accounts.
Shop and buy American made products.
Donate or volunteer to the Nuts and Bolts Foundation (also known as Nuts, Bolts & Thingamajigs ® – NBT). NBT is on a mission to bridge the skills gap in manufacturing, keep American manufacturing alive and strong, and provide students the opportunity to learn how they can do great things by working in manufacturing.
Donate your time and knowledge by visiting technical or trade schools to spread awareness about manufacturing and opportunities in manufacturing. Bring brochures with you (here’s an example).
Encourage your coworkers or employees to share their own stories with each other.
Curate an Employee Appreciation Day – managers can genuinely thank their workforce, provide pizza for lunch, or organize a cookout, send thank you cards, give gift cards, sponsor a team outing, or film a video of thanks.

And as you celebrate, keep in mind the words of Alan Mulally, an American aerospace engineer and manufacturing executive, former executive vice president of Boeing, CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes and former President and Chief Executive Office of the Ford Motor Company, Alan is well versed in manufacturing and once said:

“No country is very successful in the long term…without a really strong and vibrant manufacturing base”.

Happy MFG Day (or week or month)!

On September 11th, 2001, the unthinkable happened when four airplanes were hijacked by militants associated with the extremist group al Qaeda. Of the four planes, two were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. Almost 3,000 people were killed during these terrorist attacks resulting in not only major US initiatives to fight terrorism but also paths of grief for all Americans. To recognize that grief and commemorate the victims of these 9/11 attacks, the U.S. Navy commissioned the USS New York (LPD-21), one of six Navy ships with New York in the name. This ship was different though. This ship, the USS New York (LPD-21) is a massive ship with 7.5 tons of steel recovered from the World Trade Center and Ground Zero. The steel is forged into its bow of the ship which is significant. It symbolizes the strength and resiliency of citizens as the ship sails forward, around the world. In fact, the motto of the USS New York (LPD-21) is “Strength forged through sacrifice. Never forget.”

Although named after New York, the USS New York (LPD-21) was not constructed there. This mighty ship was constructed at the Northrop Grumman Ship Systems/Avondale Shipyard in Avondale, Louisiana.

The steel from Ground Zero was melted down at Amite Foundry and Machine in Amite, Louisiana. Not only was Amite Foundry and Machine close to the shipyard, they also had the capacity to do a job of this size. You could say the foundry specializes in jobs of this size. They’ve been known to turn down molding jobs for product weighing less than 1,000 pounds and are also known to make mold products that weigh as much 119,000 pounds. Depending upon the economy, Amite Foundry and Machine has a goal of producing 24 million pounds of metal per year. How did they make the bow stem? By melting a total of 24 tons of steel (7.5 tons of that being from Ground Zero) and molding it into the bow stem. With the bow being front and center of the ship, the steel from Ground Zero will lead the way everywhere it goes.

With the bow completed, the rest of the ship was constructed. To construct a ship, the process starts with steel plates longer and wider than an average bus. These plates are cut into panels, bent on hydraulic presses to match the shape of the ship (or rolled to form the needed contour). Once formed, these panels are painted then welded together to form sub-assemblies of the ship. Once complete, the sub-assemblies are moved by large cranes and transport vehicles across the shipyard to the final build location of the ship. While all of this is occurring, the ship is also built out with internal mechanisms, equipment, cabling, etc. You can find a great video of this process (and really understand the sheer size of the process) here. Once the ship is close to being completed, it will be launched into the ocean where the final touches are added internally and it’s prepped to start sail.

Final touches include:

A New York City subway sign from the station beneath the World Trade Center
A display case of hats and uniforms from first responders (including a firefighter’s helmet)
A mural of the twin towers with the words Never Forget
A banner with the many names of the victims of 9/11

A general timeline of the USS New York (LPD-21) is as follows:

August 2002: New York’s Governor (George e. Pataki) receive approval for his request that a United States surface warship bestow the name of New York to honor the victims of 9/11.
August 2003: Northrop Grumman Ship Systems is awarded the contract to build the USS New York (LPD-21).
September 2003: Amite Foundry and Machine melted steel down to form the bow stem of the ship.
March 2008: the USS New York (LPD-21) was christened in a ceremony at shipyard.
August 2009: the ship was delivered to the Navy.
October 2009: the ship set sail for Norfolk, Virginia.
November 2009: the ship passed the World Trade Center site for the first time.
November 2009: a commissioning ceremony took place in New York City.

From the very beginning to the very end, it took 7 years to build out this magnificent ship. There were many hands involved in the process including those who poured the metal at an unheard-of foundry in Louisiana to every welder who brought the plates together down to the last crew member to board the ship. This 9/11, let’s remember those who made this memorial ship possible in addition to the first.

The prices at the pumps have been higher than ever recently. In fact, US gas prices were the highest they’ve ever been which has many people wondering why they’re high and if the prices will go down. Some are also wondering how it’s made. In reality, the two go hand-in-hand.

Gasoline is made from crude oil (also known as petroleum). Crude oil (or petroleum) is a fossil fuel which means it is produced from the remains of plants and animals. These plants and animals lived millions of years ago and are covered by sediment which when exposed to weather, erosion, and other environmental factors, produces hydrocarbons.

Hydrocarbons can be liquid or gas. In this case, due to high pressure levels, the hydrocarbons formed under the ground are liquid hydrocarbons. These liquid hydrocarbons are what we know as crude oil (or petroleum). So, how does that become gasoline for vehicles? Let’s check it out!

Step One

When a crude oil source is found, drilling begins. Drills bore holes under the surface of the Earth in the area where crude oil has been found. Fun fact: these drills can go as far as one mile deep! The hole created by the drill acts as a well. With the addition of water into the soil, mud is created and this mud pushes cracked rock to the top of the hole at which point it is removed. This also ensures the crude oil stays below the surface. Once it has been determined the reservoir is ready for oil extraction, a pipe is inserted into the hole.

Step Two

This pipe is called a casing. This casing has holes in it that allow oil from the reservoir to enter the pipe and bring the oil to the surface of the Earth. Once recovered, the crude oil is stored in large tanks. From those tanks, oil is transported to a refinery via pipeline, ship, or tank cars on rail.

Step Three

At the refinery, crude oil is broken down into a variety of other materials to include gasoline and diesel fuel. In fact, gasoline was discovered when crude oil was originally refined to produce oil and kerosene for lamps, prior to the invention of electricity. With the addition of heat (ranging from roughly 60 degrees Fahrenheit to 1100+ degrees Fahrenheit), crude oil is distilled. Distillation is where we create the various byproducts of crude oil. The byproducts made are dependent upon carbon atoms. Remember, crude oil consists of liquid hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons consist of carbon atoms that link together. These links of carbon atoms can vary in length and depending upon the length, will have different properties, characteristics, or behaviors.

Examples of these chains: a chain with one carbon atom is known as methane. Kerosene consists of 12-15 atom atoms in one chain. The more atoms in one chain, the heavier the byproduct.

Step Four

Once distilled, the byproducts require further refining. Additional refining processes include catalytic cracking, coking, reforming, and alkylation. These are all fancy words that describe the different ways in which the crude oil coming out of the distillation column is further refined and purified. Once finished, it is sent to refinery storage tanks.

Step Five

This step is all about blending. From the refinery storage tanks, gasoline is sent to smaller blending tanks via tanker, barge, or pipeline. Here, gasoline is typically blended with ethanol. Blending is done to create different grades of gas. Remember, when you pull up to the pump at a gas station, you see a variety of options. Diesel, E87, E88, etc. These are the grades of gasoline. Different grades of gasoline are made to meet different performance requirements of a vehicle. An example of this is gasoline produced for use in the winter. To improve a vehicle’s ability to start with a cold engine, gasoline is blended to a consistency in which it will vaporize more easily

Step Six

Once blended and ready for use, tanker trucks deliver the finished fuel to a gas station. The gasoline is stored in tanks underground at each gas station and from these tanks, are pumped up and out of the gas pump once you start it up. If you’re interested in more about that process, check out this article from howstuffworks.com.

So, how does this all tie into the cost of gasoline prices? Well, it comes down to supply and demand. If supply is low but demand is high, prices are higher too. Therefore, if we are not drilling (onshore or offshore) for crude oil or if we are not receiving imported crude oil, we are not refining. If we aren’t refining, the supply is low while demand stays the same or increases. Of course, drilling is a hot button topic and when it comes to importing, supply chain and geopolitical events (which we’ve recently seen) will decrease supply. Thus, gasoline prices and gasoline production go hand-in-hand.

I’m sure you’re well aware of the tiny but iconic lollipops called Dum Dums. You might even have a favorite flavor — maybe even the elusive “Mystery Flavor”. But what exactly is it? Let’s break it down in this edition of How It’s Made.

How Is Candy Made?

Candy-making starts with two basic ingredients: sugar and water. From there, the type of candy determines additional ingredients — brown sugar, corn syrup, fats, acids, and flavorings all come into play.

Once mixed, the base is heated — sometimes up to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Hard candies are heated at higher temperatures, while soft candies require less heat. After that, the mixture moves through a series of automated processes: molding, cooling, wrapping, and packaging.

These processes often use the same types of machinery found in hygiene product manufacturing.

In short: mix, heat, form, cool, and package. But that still doesn’t answer the big question…

Where Does the “Mystery Flavor” Come From?

The “Mystery Flavor” is actually the overlap between two batches of candy flavors.

To save time and reduce costly production downtime, manufacturers like Dum Dums avoid stopping the production line between flavor changes. Instead, they allow the end of one batch (say, strawberry) to blend into the beginning of the next (vanilla). That mix — strawberry-vanilla — becomes the Mystery Flavor.

There are so few candies made during that transition that it doesn’t make sense to give them a custom wrapper or name. Instead, they’re bundled under the mystery label. This keeps costs low and production high while offering a little extra fun for the consumer.

Now, consider this: Dum Dums currently offer 16 standard flavors. That means there are 256 possible combinations of two-flavor overlaps. So the next time you unwrap a Mystery Flavor, try to guess the mix — but don’t be surprised if it keeps you guessing.

Spring has officially arrived.

The grass is green again. The birds are chirping. And maybe, just maybe, you’re thinking about that long list of home projects that didn’t get done last fall. But before you pick up the power washer or fire up the lawnmower, take a closer look around you. Odds are, you’ll find a different kind of spring hiding in plain sight.

Not the season. The metal kind.

Springs are everywhere. Inside your household cleaners. Beneath your mower deck. Behind your garage door. They’re small, tightly wound, often overlooked—and absolutely essential.

So, in this edition of “How It’s Made” with FlexTrades, we’re talking about the mechanics, materials, and manufacturing behind the humble spring.

Types of Springs

Springs come in two basic types—stretched and coiled.

Stretched springs store energy when pulled, like the tension in a bow and arrow. Pull back the string, and the spring (the bow) transfers energy to the arrow in a snap.
Coiled springs are the most common. They compress and expand to absorb shock, maintain pressure, or return components to a resting state. The first patent for a coiled spring dates back to 1763. The design has endured for a reason.

How Springs Are Made

No matter the style, the spring manufacturing process is surprisingly precise—and it all starts with the right material.

Materials

Springs are made from a wide range of materials based on end-use needs:

Stainless steel
Non-ferrous alloys like Monel
High-temperature alloys such as Inconel
High-carbon and alloy steels
Plastics (for specialty applications)

Design

Every spring is engineered with precision. The design process involves a surprising amount of math—factors like diameter, length, wire thickness, number of coils, and the amount of force needed are all carefully calculated to match the demands of the application.

Coiling

Once the specs are locked in, it’s time to wind. Coiling machines shape the material using either:

Cold winding for most wire types
Hot winding for thicker wire or bar stock

Not sure how a spring coiler works? Check out Automated Industrial Motion—they break it down with incredible detail.

Tempering

Tempering strengthens the spring and removes stress left over from the coiling process. Springs are exposed to extremely high temperatures for a set amount of time. The result? Better performance and durability under load.

Finishing

From grinding to coating, the final steps are all about getting the spring ready for real-world use.

Grinding flattens the ends of the wire
Shot peening smooths the surface and prepares for coating
Setting ensures the spring holds its shape under stress
Coating protects against corrosion
Quality control checks for exact performance specs

If you want to see the process in action, here’s a great visual to walk you through it.

Final Thoughts

Springs aren’t just for trampolines. They’re everywhere. And understanding how they’re made? That’s just one more way we at FlexTrades celebrate the people and processes that keep manufacturing moving.